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- WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN AND HIS MARCH TO THE SEA
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- William Tecumseh Sherman was born on May 8, 1820 in Lancaster,
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- Ohio. He was educated at the U.S. Military Academy and later went on to
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- become a Union General in the U.S. civil war. Sherman resigned from the
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- army in 1853 and became a partner in a banking firm in San Francisco. He
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- became the president of the Military College in Louisiana(now Louisiana state
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- University) from 1859-1861. Sherman offered his services at the outbreak of
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- the Civil War in 1861 and was put in command of a volunteer infantry
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- regiment, becoming a brigadier general of volunteers after the first Battle of
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- bull run. He led his division at the Battle of Shiloh and was then promoted to
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- major general of volunteers. Soon after Sherman fought in the battle of
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- Chattanooga he was made supreme commander of the armies in the west.
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- Sherman fought many battles with such people as Ulysses S. Grant, and
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- against people such as Robert E. Lee before he was commissioned lieutenant
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- general of the regular army. Following Grants election to presidency he was
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- promoted to the rank of full general and given command of the entire U.S.
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- Army. William Sherman published his personal memoirs in 1875, retired in
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- 1883, and died in 1891.
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- William Tecumseh Sherman, as you have read, was a very talented and
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- very successful man. He is remembered by many accomplishments, but
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- probably most remembered by his famous March to the sea. Sherman's
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- march to the sea was probably the most celebrated military action, in which
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- about sixty thousand men marched with Sherman from Atlanta to the Atlantic
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- ocean, then north through South Carolina destroying the last of the souths
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- economic resources.
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- Bedford Forrest was in Tennessee, and with Atlanta secured, Sherman
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- dispatched George H. Thomas to Nashville to restore the order there. John
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- B. Hood threatened Thomas's supply line, and for about a month, they both
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- fought north of Atlanta. Sherman decided to do the complete opposite of
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- what the strategic plan laid down by Grant six months earlier had proposed to
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- do. In that plan Grant had insisted that Confederate armies were the first and
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- foremost objectives for Union strategy. What Sherman decided now was that
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- he would completely ignore the Confederate armies and go for the "spirit that
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- sustained the Confederate nation itself", the homes, the property, the
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- families, and the food of the Southern heartland. He would march for
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- Savannah, Georgia and the seacoast, abandoning his own line of supply, and
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- live off the land and harvests of the Georgia Country. Grant finally approved
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- Sherman's plan, so Sherman set off on his march eastward, "smashing things
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- to the sea." On November 15, 1864, Sherman began his march to the sea. "I
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- can make . . . Georgia howl!" he promised.
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- Sherman left Atlanta, setting it up in flames as they left, with 62,000
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- men, 55,000 of them on foot, 5,000 on cavalry horses, and about 2,000 riding
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- artillery horses. It was an army of 218 regiments, 184 of them from the West,
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- and of these 155 were from the old Northwest Territory. This army was
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- remembered as a lean and strong one. The bulk of the army was made up of
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- Germans, Irish, Scotch, and English. Sherman and his army arrived in
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- Georgia where there was no opposition, and the march was very leisurely.
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- The army fanned out widely, covering a sixty mile span from one side to the
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- other. The army destroyed, demolished and crushed whatever got in their
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- way, the land, homes, buildings, and people. Bridges, railroads, machine
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- shops, warehouses- anything of this nature that was in Shaman's path was
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- burned and destroyed. As a result of this march eliminating a lot of the food
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- to feed the Confederate army and its animals, the whole Confederate war
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- effort would become weaker and weaker and weaker. Sherman went on
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- toward the sea while the Confederacy could do nothing.
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- Sherman's march to the sea was a demonstration that the Confederacy
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- could not protect its own. Many agree that Sherman was too brutal and cruel
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- during the march to the sea, but Sherman and his men were effectively
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- demolishing the Confederate homeland, and that was all that mattered to
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- Sherman.
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- Because Sherman "waged an economic war against civilians", he has
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- been called the first modern general. Sherman is remembered by some as one
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- of the best generals of the U.S. Civil War, and by others(mainly whom live in
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- the south) as a cruel, brutal, horrible, and evil man. William Tecumseh
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- Sherman is believed to have coined the phrase, "War is hell." "There is many
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- a boy here who looks on war as all glory, but, boys, it is all hell. You can
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- bear this warning voice to generations to come."
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- RESOURCES
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- 1. SHERMAN FIGHTING PROPHET By LLOYD LEWIS
- HARCOURT, BRACE & WORLD, INC. NEW YORK
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- 2. The AMERICAN HERITAGE Picture History of THE CIVIL WAR
- VOLUME TWO By the Editors of AMERICAN HERITAGE
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- 3. Peoples Chronology, License from Henry Holt and Company, Inc
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- 4. The Concise Columbia Encyclopedia, Columbia University Press
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